Linking words (also called cohesive devices) are essential for connecting your ideas both within and between paragraphs. They guide the reader through your argument and show the relationship between different points. In IELTS Writing Task 2, using a wide range of cohesive devices naturally and effectively is crucial for achieving a high band score.

Types of Linking Words and How to Use Them

To introduce ideas: 

• Use these cohesive devices to present new points in your essay. These phrases help the reader understand that you are moving on to a new idea.
• Examples: Firstly, secondly, in addition, furthermore, moreover, another point to consider is.
• Example in Use:

Firstly, a high salary provides financial security, which is important for leading a stable life.

To give examples: 

• When supporting your argument with specific examples, you can use the following linking words. Examples are critical for making your points more convincing.
• Examples: For instance, for example, such as, namely, to illustrate.
• Example in Use:

For example, research has shown that regular exercise can reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

To contrast ideas: 

• These phrases help you introduce an opposing argument or point of view. They are essential for discussing both sides of an issue, particularly in Discussion and Two-Part questions.
• Examples: However, on the other hand, although, despite, whereas, nevertheless, in contrast.
• Example in Use:

Although many people believe that money is the key to success, personal fulfillment is often considered more important.

To show cause and effect: 

• When explaining why something happens or the result of an action, cause-and-effect linking words clarify the relationship between events.
• Examples: Therefore, thus, as a result, consequently, because of this.
• Example in Use:

As a result of poor eating habits, the rate of obesity has significantly increased in recent years.

To summarize or conclude: 

• Use these phrases when summarizing your main points or drawing a conclusion. These cohesive devices signal that you are wrapping up your argument.
• Examples: In conclusion, to sum up, overall, in summary, to conclude.
• Example in Use:

In conclusion, while a high salary can offer financial comfort, job satisfaction is ultimately more important for long-term happiness.

Tips for Using Linking Words Naturally

• Avoid overuse: Although linking words are important for cohesion, overusing them can make your writing sound mechanical or unnatural. Use them only when necessary, and avoid forcing a cohesive device into every sentence.
• Vary your cohesive devices: Using the same cohesive devices repeatedly can make your writing monotonous. Make sure to use a range of linking words to show the examiner that you have a wide vocabulary.
• Use linking words appropriately: Ensure that the cohesive devices you choose fit the context. For example, however and although are used to introduce contrasting ideas, while for instance is used to introduce an example. Using them incorrectly can confuse the reader and reduce your score.