Definition: This skill is about understanding when the text does not provide enough information to determine the author’s opinion on the issue presented in the statement.

Details:

• Absence of Opinion: Sometimes the text does not explicitly address the author’s viewpoint, meaning the statement lacks sufficient evidence to confirm agreement or disagreement (Not Given).
• Be Cautious with Inferences: Even if the statement seems logical or likely based on other information, it should only be marked Yes or No if the author’s opinion is clearly expressed in the text.

Example: If the statement says, “The author believes that online education is the best learning method,” but the text does not mention the author’s view on online education, the answer would be Not Given because the author’s stance is not provided.